The common and important infectious viruses in pigs and poultry mainly include DNA and RNA viruses, which pose significant threats to both animal and human ...

Trained immunity, a modification of cells in the innate immune system, may represent a new way of protecting poultry from ...

The innate immune system releases multiple inflammatory cytokines in response to pathogens, and these cytokines directly combat the infectious agent and recruit additional immune responses.

This article reviews the role of specific cytokines involved in lung innate and acquired immunity against bacterial, mycobacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens. Novel approaches to ...

Megakaryocytes (MKs), known for their role in platelet production, have emerged as critical players in immune responses, ...

They are an important part of the innate immune system and contribute to host defense in the blood by secreting large ...

Diseases such as covid-19 and influenza can be fatal due to an overreaction of the body’s immune system called a cytokine storm. Cytokines are small proteins released by many different cells in ...

One such effector cell in the antiviral response is the Natural Killer (NK) cell, which secretes inflammatory cytokines and directly kills infected ... Figure 1 — Specific recognition of virally ...